Geology is the study of the Earth, the materials of which it is made, the structure of those materials, and the processes acting upon them. It includes the study of organisms that have inhabited our planet. An important part of geology is the study of how Earth's materials, structures, processes and organisms have changed over time.
Geoscience Careers: Why a career in the Earth sciences is important. Geological Society of America. Geologists work to understand the history of our planet.
Here are some examples:. Geologists study Earth processes: Many processes such as landslides , earthquakes , floods, and volcanic eruptions can be hazardous to people. Geologists work to understand these processes well enough to avoid building important structures where they might be damaged.
If geologists can prepare maps of areas that have flooded in the past, they can prepare maps of areas that might be flooded in the future. These maps can be used to guide the development of communities and determine where flood protection or flood insurance is needed.
Geologists study Earth materials: People use Earth materials every day. They use oil that is produced from wells, metals that are produced from mines, and water that has been drawn from streams or from underground. Geologists conduct studies that locate rocks that contain important metals, plan the mines that produce them and the methods used to remove the metals from the rocks.
They do similar work to locate and produce oil, natural gas, and groundwater. Geologists study Earth history: Today we are concerned about climate change. Geoscientists may also conduct experiments or design computer models to test theories about geologic phenomena and processes. In the office, they integrate field and laboratory data and prepare reports and presentations that include maps and diagrams that illustrate the results of their studies.
Such maps may pinpoint the possible occurrence of ores, coal, oil, natural gas, water resources, or indicate subsurface conditions or hazards that might affect construction sites or land use. The employment outlook in the geosciences -- as in any profession -- varies with the economic climate of the country.
The long-range outlook is good at this time. Dwindling energy, mineral, and water resources along with increasing concerns about the environment and natural hazards present new challenges to geoscientists. Most geoscientists are employed by industries related to oil and gas, mining and minerals and water resources. Many geoscientists are self-employed as geological consultants or work with consulting firms. Most consulting geologists have had extensive professional experience in industry, teaching, or research.
Also, many geoscientists work for the federal government or a state government agency. The U. Army Corps of Engineers, state geological surveys, and state departments of environment and resources all employ geoscientists.
Salary scales vary from employer to employer depending on the career path, location, qualifications of the geoscientist, and, of course, the economy.
Geoscience starting salaries were competitive with other science and engineering fields in A strong interest in science and a good education are the most important elements in becoming a geoscientist. The geosciences draw on biology, chemistry, mathematics, physics, and engineering. High school courses related to these subjects plus a geology or earth-science course, or an integrated science curriculum, will help prepare you for college.
Also, get a solid grounding in English, because geoscientists need to be able to write and speak clearly. In choosing a college or university, look at the course listings for departments of geology, geoscience, earth-systems science, or environmental science to identify the geoscience programs that best match your interests. As in any profession, the applicants with the best qualifications get the best jobs.
Are you fascinated by the fundamental role geology plays with the global economy? See our resources pages for more information on the links between geology and the global economy. Engineering geologists are employed in a wide range of projects, from Crossrail to airport construction. Geology Career Pathways. What is Geology? What do geologists do? Subject Areas So you're interested in the Earth? October 2 What can you do with a mathematics degree?
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