Changes in your appearance because of weight loss can also be difficult to cope with. If you are concerned about your nutritional requirements, cannot face eating during this period or are finding it difficult to keep food down, speak to a member of your healthcare team or a dietitian.
They will not bully you into eating food. Rather, they will work with you to try to help you regain your appetite, recommend smaller, more nutritious meals, or look at other solutions. They are not, and it is always better to see someone early to prevent problems later. Weight loss or wasting are also caused by HIV itself.
This is because the energy that you generate from food and drink is being used by the virus to over-activate your immune system. The amount of energy from diet that your body needs to function even when just sitting or lying down is higher in HIV-positive people. It becomes higher still as HIV disease progresses. Other infections and illnesses also increase the amount of energy the body needs in order to fight infection.
Food is basically a source of energy. If you eat less calories each day than your body needs to do the things it needs to, then the extra energy is taken from stores of body fat.
If body fat levels are already low, then this extra energy will be taken from protein that is used to build and maintain muscle. When fat loss and wasting occur in the same person, diagnosis and treatment is more complicated. Loss of subcutaneous fat lipoatrophy, or losing fat under the skin can be a side effect of ARV drugs and is different to HIV wasting.
In very simple terms, regaining weight should just be a matter of increasing the amount of calories that you get in your daily diet. Pathogenesis of Wasting Metabolic changes, endocrine abnormalities, immune dysregulation, and gastrointestinal issues may all play a role in HIV-associated Wasting. Metabolic Changes Multiple factors, such as elevated resting energy expenditure, hormonal imbalance, elevated proinflammatory cytokines, and stress, may promote a shift in metabolism towards excessive catabolic activity.
Immune Dysregulation Both the innate and adaptive immune systems can become dysfunctional in response to HIV infection. Gastrointestinal Changes Even in HIV-positive patients with undetectable viral loads, the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, or GALT, remains a latent reservoir for the virus. Play next video. You are about to leave HIVWasting. If you are a man and you have a low level of the hormone testosterone , your body may not be able to turn your food into muscle tissue.
When you lose weight, you lose muscle, fat, or both. Exercising to build muscle and eating healthy foods are part of treatment. Your doctor also may change your medicines or add new ones. Cannabis marijuana has been shown to stimulate the appetite.
Talk to your doctor if you're interested in trying it. Eating a healthy, balanced diet with enough protein and calories may help you keep weight on. It also can help your immune system stay strong to fight infection. Your doctor or a registered dietitian can help you make a plan that works for you. Exercise may help you feel better and strengthen your muscles. It also may improve your immune system, which can help you fight infection.
Make sure to talk with your doctor before you start your exercise program, especially if you haven't been active for a long time. Walking is a good way to get aerobic exercise. Start slowly if you haven't been active. Try 20 minutes a day or two minute walks. Slowly increase your time. Try to walk as often as you can. Weight lifting also can build your strength. Again, talk to your doctor first, and ask how to start a program that works for you.
If you can't get to a gym, you can use soup cans or other things around the house as weights. Competitive sports do not pose a risk of spreading HIV to other athletes or coaches.
In sports in which exposure to blood can occur, the risk of spreading HIV is very small. But if a person, HIV-infected or not, starts to bleed, he or she should leave the game, and the wounds should be covered before the person returns. If you are not already taking antiretroviral medicines , your doctor may want you to start.
You may need medicines that increase your appetite or help with nausea.
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